Suicide

Suicidal ideation refers to thoughts about ending one’s life without actively taking steps toward doing so. It may or may not involve detailed planning or intent. Suicidality is the risk of suicide, typically indicated by suicidal ideation or intent, particularly when there is a well-formed plan.

Suicide is the intentional act of taking one’s own life. It is often an impulsive response to stressors such as financial or academic difficulties, relationship issues, or bullying. People who have previously attempted suicide are at a higher risk of future attempts. Effective suicide prevention involves limiting access to lethal methods, treating mental disorders and substance use, providing proper media coverage, enhancing economic conditions, and employing therapies like dialectical behavior therapy (DBT).

Risk factors for suicide include:

• Depression, other mental health disorders, or substance use
• Chronic pain
• Personal history of suicide attempts
• Family history of mental health disorders or substance use
• Family history of suicide
• Exposure to family violence, including physical or sexual abuse
• Presence of firearms in the home
• Recent release from prison or jail